Exploring Work Motivation Phenomena Among Field Workers to Improve Performance

A Qualitative Study at PTPN IV Gunung Bayu Plantation

Abstract

This study explores the dynamics of work motivation among field workers in PTPN IV Kebun Gunung Bayu, a major palm oil plantation in Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Motivation in plantation environments is shaped not only by individual capability but also by relational, structural, and contextual conditions embedded in daily field operations. Using a qualitative exploratory design, data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations involving 20 workers and supervisory personnel. Analysis using open, axial, and selective coding identified five dominant themes: worker capability and contextual self-efficacy, clarity of communication and role certainty, supervisory leadership and emotional climate, motivational drivers and barriers, and the connection between motivation and performance. The findings show that motivation is highly dynamic and strongly influenced by communication consistency, supervisory fairness, environmental challenges, and perceptions of justice in workload allocation. Leadership emerged as the most significant factor affecting emotional readiness and daily enthusiasm, while communication clarity played a central role in strengthening confidence and task orientation. The results align with Sustainable Human Resource Management (S-HRM) principles, emphasizing fairness, ethical supervision, worker well-being, and capability development. This study contributes theoretical insights into motivation in labor-intensive sectors and provides practical recommendations for improving HR strategies and supervisory practices within PTPN IV.